Definition
An impacted tooth is a tooth that is positioned against another
tooth, bone, or soft tissue so that it is unlikely to fully erupt
through the gums to reach its normal position in the mouth.
Wisdom Teeth (Third Molars)
Causes
Impaction typically occurs in the third molars, also called wisdom
teeth. Wisdom teeth, which begin to develop around age 9, are most
vulnerable to impaction because they are the last teeth to erupt,
usually between the late teens and early 20s. By then, the jaw has
stopped growing and may be too small to accommodate these four teeth.
An impacted tooth remains embedded in soft gum tissue or bone beyond
its normal eruption time. The cause may be overcrowding. Other teeth may
also become twisted, tilted, or displaced as the new teeth try to
emerge.
This content is reviewed regularly and is
updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This
information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for
professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or
other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or
with questions regarding a medical condition.
Risk Factors
Impacted teeth are very common. Factors that may increase your risk of impacted teeth include:
- Genetics
- Poor orthodontic treatment
-
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Symptoms
Some people with impacted teeth have no pain or other symptoms. In those that have symptoms, impacted teeth may cause:
Pain or tenderness of the gums or jaw bone
Unpleasant taste when biting down
Bad breath
Redness and swelling of the gums around the impacted tooth
Prolonged, unexplained headache or jaw ache
Difficulty opening your mouth
Complications of untreated impacted teeth include:
A cyst in the soft tissue under the gum line
Tooth decay
Misalignment of other teeth
Gingivitis
—inflammation of the gums, which can lead to infection
Absorption of bone or adjacent teeth
Diagnosis
Your dentist will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical physical exam will be done. Tests may include:
- A visual examination to look for signs of infection or swelling
-
Dental
x-rays
to confirm tooth impaction
Treatment
If an impacted tooth causes no pain, inflammation, infection, and
does not affect mouth alignment, no treatment may be necessary.
If there are noticeable symptoms, surgery is usually recommended
to remove all impacted teeth, preferably while the person is young.
This may be done by a dentist under local anesthesia if the tooth is
exposed and can be easily removed in one piece. For difficult
extractions, your dentist may refer you to an oral surgeon. In these
cases,
general anesthesia
or an IV sedative may be used.
Your dentist may recommend following until surgery can be scheduled:
- Over-the-counter pain relievers to ease pain and swelling
- Gargling with warm salt water to soothe gums
Prevention
There are no current guidelines to prevent impacted teeth.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
This content is reviewed regularly and is
updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This
information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for
professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or
other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or
with questions regarding a medical condition.